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利用emptyDir的存储办法，就类似于在创建docker容器时的命令docker run -v /xx，意思是在物理机里随机地产生一个目录（这个目录实在挂载的是物理机内存），然后把这个目录挂载到容器的/xx目录里。如果xx目录不存在，会自动在容器里创建，不过当删除pod时，emptyDir对应的目录会被一起删除，由于这种存储是临时性的，因此内存作为介质的，并非是永久性的。
为了和其他章节创建的pod做差异，本章所有实验均在一个新的命令空间里操作。
步骤1：创建命名空间nsvolume并切换至此命名空间。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 ~]# kubectl create ns nsvolumenamespace/nsvolume created[root@vms10 ~]# [root@vms10 ~]# kubens nsvolumeContext "kubernetes-admin@kubernetes" modified.Active namespace is "nsvolume".[root@vms10 ~]#
本章所涉及的文件全部放在一个目录volume里。
步骤2：创建目录volume并cd进去。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 ~]# mkdir volume ; cd volume/[root@vms10 volume]#
步骤3：创建一个pod的yaml文件emp.yaml，按如下内容进行修正。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# cat emp.yaml apiVersion: v1kind: Pod metadata: name: demo labels: aa: aa spec: volumes: - name: volume1 emptyDir: {} - name: volume2 emptyDir: {} containers: - name: demo1 image: busybox imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent command: ['sh', '-c', 'sleep 5000'] volumeMounts: - mountPath: /xx name: volume1 - name: demo2 image: busybox imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent command: ['sh', '-c', 'sleep 5000'] volumeMounts: - mountPath: /xx name: volume1[root@vms10 volume]#
这个yaml文件里在volumes字段下创建卷，这里创建了2个名字为volume1和volume2的卷，类型都是emptyDir，在此pod里创建了2个容器demo1和demo2。在每个容器里通过volumeMounts选项来挂载卷，个中name指定挂载哪个卷，mountPath指定了卷在本容器里的挂载点，这里两个容器都是把卷volume1挂载到容器的/xx目录里。
把稳：如果容器里的目录/xx不存在的话，则会自动创建。
步骤4：创建pod并查看pod运行状态。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl apply -f emp.yaml pod/demo created[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl get podsNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEdemo 2/2 Running 0 5s[root@vms10 volume]#
步骤5：查看此pod的描述信息。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl describe pod demo | grep -A2 VolumesVolumes: volume1: Type: EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime)[root@vms10 volume]#
可以看到此pod现在利用的是emptyDir类型的存储。
步骤6：查看pod运行在哪台主机。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl get pods -o wide --no-headersdemo 2/2 Running 0 74s 10.244.14.21 vms12.rhce.cc <none> <none>[root@vms10 volume]#
步骤7：切换到vms12机器，找到对应的容器。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms12 ~]# docker ps | grep demoeb0b3c97308c 7cfbbec8963d "sh -c 'sleep 5000'" About a minute ago Up About a minute k8s_demo2_demo_nsvolume_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a_0c27ff5aafcdf 7cfbbec8963d "sh -c 'sleep 5000'" About a minute ago Up About a minute k8s_demo1_demo_nsvolume_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a_0358fa6a3bf58 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 "/pause" About a minute ago Up About a minute k8s_POD_demo_nsvolume_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a_0[root@vms12 ~]#
可以看到在master上创建的demo这个pod所对应的两个容器的id分别是d3150d1c569e和5e9c9e41b8ea。
步骤8：查看它们对应的属性。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms12 ~]# docker inspect eb0b3c97308c[ { "Id": "eb0b3c97308c3f6d5fc44359ddaa37b53b0d8c2fd958c2798a0554ddbdccd760", "Created": "2023-05-30T05:36:01.59596029Z", "Path": "sh", "Args": [ "-c", "sleep 5000" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 66772, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-05-30T05:36:01.705496703Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:7cfbbec8963d8f13e6c70416d6592e1cc10f47a348131290a55d43c3acab3fb9", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eb0b3c97308c3f6d5fc44359ddaa37b53b0d8c2fd958c2798a0554ddbdccd760/eb0b3c97308c3f6d5fc44359ddaa37b53b0d8c2fd958c2798a0554ddbdccd760-json.log", "Name": "/k8s_demo2_demo_nsvolume_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a_0", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": [ "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1:/xx", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~projected/kube-api-access-v5wg9:/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount:ro", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts:/etc/hosts", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/containers/demo2/d28c536b:/dev/termination-log" ], "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "container:358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a", "PortBindings": null, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": null, "DnsOptions": null, "DnsSearch": null, "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "container:358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 1000, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": [ "seccomp=unconfined" ], "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 2, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "/kubepods/besteffort/podf690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": null, "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 100000, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f2e3d42b44b959c962e01990c93e92a333f2e101d9bfc5305b43f559e96e239-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e151f4c9750ff81b23bc4ee275c22f1664d4fc7974265b9ac8a8b440f0bc5e31/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f2e3d42b44b959c962e01990c93e92a333f2e101d9bfc5305b43f559e96e239/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f2e3d42b44b959c962e01990c93e92a333f2e101d9bfc5305b43f559e96e239/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f2e3d42b44b959c962e01990c93e92a333f2e101d9bfc5305b43f559e96e239/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1", "Destination": "/xx", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~projected/kube-api-access-v5wg9", "Destination": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount", "Mode": "ro", "RW": false, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts", "Destination": "/etc/hosts", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/containers/demo2/d28c536b", "Destination": "/dev/termination-log", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "demo", "Domainname": "", "User": "0", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443", "KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1", "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1", "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443", "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": null, "Healthcheck": { "Test": [ "NONE" ] }, "Image": "sha256:7cfbbec8963d8f13e6c70416d6592e1cc10f47a348131290a55d43c3acab3fb9", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "sh", "-c", "sleep 5000" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash": "56690cd4", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount": "0", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy": "File", "annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod": "30", "io.kubernetes.container.logpath": "/var/log/pods/nsvolume_demo_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/demo2/0.log", "io.kubernetes.container.name": "demo2", "io.kubernetes.docker.type": "container", "io.kubernetes.pod.name": "demo", "io.kubernetes.pod.namespace": "nsvolume", "io.kubernetes.pod.uid": "f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a", "io.kubernetes.sandbox.id": "358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "", "Networks": {} } }][root@vms12 ~]# docker inspect c27ff5aafcdf[ { "Id": "c27ff5aafcdfe8200f000738cbc34a817a3ab964dc25774757e5d24c28e24c6c", "Created": "2023-05-30T05:36:01.483534386Z", "Path": "sh", "Args": [ "-c", "sleep 5000" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 66732, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-05-30T05:36:01.586033581Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:7cfbbec8963d8f13e6c70416d6592e1cc10f47a348131290a55d43c3acab3fb9", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c27ff5aafcdfe8200f000738cbc34a817a3ab964dc25774757e5d24c28e24c6c/c27ff5aafcdfe8200f000738cbc34a817a3ab964dc25774757e5d24c28e24c6c-json.log", "Name": "/k8s_demo1_demo_nsvolume_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a_0", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": [ "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1:/xx", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~projected/kube-api-access-v5wg9:/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount:ro", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts:/etc/hosts", "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/containers/demo1/6766f47e:/dev/termination-log" ], "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "container:358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a", "PortBindings": null, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": null, "DnsOptions": null, "DnsSearch": null, "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "container:358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 1000, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": [ "seccomp=unconfined" ], "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 2, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "/kubepods/besteffort/podf690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": null, "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 100000, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7cb2130d3bb712dc53ce9e4262c86772bdaa710ffc965125b482a33d62b4be20-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e151f4c9750ff81b23bc4ee275c22f1664d4fc7974265b9ac8a8b440f0bc5e31/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7cb2130d3bb712dc53ce9e4262c86772bdaa710ffc965125b482a33d62b4be20/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7cb2130d3bb712dc53ce9e4262c86772bdaa710ffc965125b482a33d62b4be20/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7cb2130d3bb712dc53ce9e4262c86772bdaa710ffc965125b482a33d62b4be20/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1", "Destination": "/xx", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~projected/kube-api-access-v5wg9", "Destination": "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount", "Mode": "ro", "RW": false, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/etc-hosts", "Destination": "/etc/hosts", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" }, { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/containers/demo1/6766f47e", "Destination": "/dev/termination-log", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "demo", "Domainname": "", "User": "0", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1", "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1", "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443", "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443", "KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443", "KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp", "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": null, "Healthcheck": { "Test": [ "NONE" ] }, "Image": "sha256:7cfbbec8963d8f13e6c70416d6592e1cc10f47a348131290a55d43c3acab3fb9", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "sh", "-c", "sleep 5000" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash": "60b2be1e", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount": "0", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log", "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy": "File", "annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod": "30", "io.kubernetes.container.logpath": "/var/log/pods/nsvolume_demo_f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/demo1/0.log", "io.kubernetes.container.name": "demo1", "io.kubernetes.docker.type": "container", "io.kubernetes.pod.name": "demo", "io.kubernetes.pod.namespace": "nsvolume", "io.kubernetes.pod.uid": "f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a", "io.kubernetes.sandbox.id": "358fa6a3bf58c602edf1da39ecf34881c419b660965f682f37c241acaf50ca4a" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "", "Networks": {} } }][root@vms12 ~]#
可以看到两个容器里都有/xx，且都对应到同一个物理目录/var/lib/kubelet/pods/7549132-ae81-11e9-8865-000c294d4f7c/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1里。
步骤9：在master上随便拷贝一个文件到这个pod里容器demo1的/xx目录。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl cp /etc/hosts demo:/xx -c demo1[root@vms10 volume]#
步骤10：查看demo这个pod里容器demo2的/xx目录。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms10 volume]# kubectl exec demo -c demo2 -- ls /xxhosts[root@vms10 volume]#
可以看到这里也有数据，由于demo1和demo2都挂载的同一个卷，实现了数据的共享。
步骤11：切换到vms12。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms12 ~]# ls /var/lib/kubelet/pods/f690d17c-478d-4f58-bd3e-6249b33d902a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/volume1hosts[root@vms12 ~]#
可以看到有hosts文件。
步骤12：删除此pod。
